58. Appendix–Glossary of Terms

 

Accent—emphasis

Articulation—how a note is played—attack, duration, etc.

Chromatic Scale—all 12 half steps in succession

Fret—a narrow strip of metal embedded in the fretboard to indicate where to play notes.    

Also, the target area between these strips for sounding notes.

 

Fretboard—the neck of the guitar

Interval—the distance between 2 notes

Pitch—the location of a tone in relation to others

Octave—the interval of an entire major scale, which is the same note—C to C etc.

Unison—2 or more notes of the same pitch

Note—a single tone

Solfege—a language of syllables, one for every note

Degree—the numbered step of any scale

Sharp—higher in pitch

Flat—lower in pitch

Key—the arrangement of notes and chords within a particular scale

Time Signature—a symbol at the beginning of a piece of music indicating the meter

Meter—a measure of time, the grouping of beats into patterns

Beat—the pulse of music

Scale—an arrangement of notes in a particular order

Chord—3 or more notes played simultaneously or as an arpeggio

Arpeggio—a group of notes played successively

Triad—a 3 note chord

Root position—the position of a chord when the name of the chord itself is the lowest note

Root—The tonic, or fundamental note of a chord

Tonic—the note upon which a scale or key is based

Major chord—a chord made from the 1st, 3rd and 5th degree of any major scale

Minor chord—a chord made from the 1st, flatted 3rd and 5th of any major scale

Seventh chord—a major or minor chord to which either the 7th or flatted 7th has been added

Major pentatonic scale—a scale made from the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th and 6th degrees of any major scale

Minor pentatonic scale—a major pentatonic scale, beginning on the 5th degree ( or 6th degree of the major scale from which the major pentatonic is derived)

Natural minor scale—a major scale, beginning on the 6th degree

Major scale—a series of whole and half step notes, beginning and ending on the same pitch.

Diatonic—derived from a particular key

Diatonic Harmony—the elements of the harmonized major scale

Harmony—the consonant quality of notes when played together

Consonant—a combination of notes or sounds pleasing to the ear, as opposed to dissonance

Dissonance—a combination of notes or sounds that are discordant, creating tension requiring resolution through other tones.

Technique—elements of the mechanical execution of music, externals.

Tonality—the organization of any composition around a scale and its tones

Major key—the tonality resulting from the use of tones in a composition based on a major scale

Minor key—the tonality resulting from the use of tones in a composition based on a minor scale

Progression—an organized series of chords

Diatonic progression-a progression comprised entirely of chords made from a harmonized scale

Measure—a unit of time, containing a fixed number of beats, each separated by vertical lines called bar lines

Rest—a symbol representing a fixed unit of silence

Tie—a symbol showing a note connected to one or more notes, indicating that only the first is played, then is held for the duration of the note or notes to which it is tied

Syncopation—the shifting of accent from a strong beat to a weaker one

Rhythm—the subdivision of time into a defined, repeated pattern

Melody—a succession of tones created for musical expression

Muscle memory—the training of muscles to repeat certain movements innately

Tempo—the fixed speed of any musical piece

BPM—beats per minute

Simple meter—meter where each beat can be subdivided by two

Compound meter—meter where each beat can be subdivided by three

Duple meter—rhythmic pattern in which the measure can be divided by two

Triple meter—rhythmic pattern in which the measure can be divided by three

Notation—any written form of music that contains the notes of a piece

Standard Notation—the traditional written form of notes on lines and spaces on a staff, along with other symbols for instruction for playing a piece of music

Ear training—the process of learning various pitches and their relationship to each other

Playing by ear—learning by hearing and imitation

Transcription—any written form of notation, chord chart, etc

Legato—instruction for playing smooth, connected notes

Staccato—instruction for playing, short, clipped notes

Barre -a temporary nut formed by the first finger of the left hand across some or all of the six strings.

Nut—the ivory or plastic strip across the top of the guitar neck below the tuning heads, containing grooves for each of the six strings

Capo-a device for temporarily moving the nut to various positions on the fretboard

Tonic chord—the fundamental, or I chord of the scale

Dominant—the chord that harmonizes the 5th degree of the major scale, the V chord

Subdominant—the chord that harmonizes the 4th degree of the major scale, the IV chord

Primary chords—the major chords of the harmonized major scale (I, IV, V)

Secondary chords—the minor chords of the harmonized major scale (ii, iii, vi) and the diminished chord (vii)

I-IV-V—the progression of the 1st, 4th and 5th (major) chords of the harmonized major scale, in any order.

Diminished chord—a chord formed by two successive minor 3rds

Circle of fifths—a system for memorizing the order of keys and their respective sharps and flats

Cadence—a closing phrase in a musical piece

Authentic cadence—a closing musical phrase of V-I

Plagal cadence—a closing musical phrase of IV-I

Deceptive cadence—a closing musical phrase of V-vi

Analyzation—the detailing of a musical piece or song respective to its form

Bass—a low note, or lowest note

Clef—a symbol placed at the beginning of a piece to indicate where notes are to be placed on the lines and spaces

Treble clef—a symbol place at the beginning of a piece to indicate where notes are to be played. The treble clef has a range of notes that makes it applicable for all guitar music

Staff—the lines and spaces where notes are placed.

                                 © 2012 Jim Greenfield